Top 10 cranes and components in China introduce,list main products,and website if have
1. Sany Group Co., Ltd. – Sany is a global manufacturer of construction machinery and equipment, including cranes, concrete machinery, and hoisting machinery. Their main crane products include truck cranes, all-terrain cranes, and rough-terrain cranes. Website: www.sanyglobal.com
2. XCMG Group – XCMG is one of the largest construction machinery companies in China, specializing in a wide range of products including cranes, excavators, and road machinery. Their main crane products include truck cranes, crawler cranes, and marine cranes. Website: www.xcmg.com
3. Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science & Technology Co., Ltd. – Zoomlion is a leading manufacturer of construction and agricultural machinery, with a focus on producing high-quality cranes. Their main crane products include tower cranes, truck cranes, and crawler cranes. Website: www.zoomlion.com
4. Terex China – Terex is a global manufacturer of lifting and material handling solutions, including cranes, aerial work platforms, and utility equipment. Their main crane products include rough-terrain cranes, tower cranes, and boom trucks. Website: www.terex.com
5. Konecranes China – Konecranes specializes in providing lifting equipment and solutions for various industries, including ports, terminals, and manufacturing. Their main crane products include overhead cranes, gantry cranes, and jib cranes. Website: www.konecranes.com.cn
6. Tadano (China) Co., Ltd. – Tadano is a Japanese manufacturer of mobile cranes and hydraulic lifting equipment, with a strong presence in the Chinese market. Their main crane products include all-terrain cranes, telescopic boom cranes, and lattice boom cranes. Website: www.tadano.com.cn
7. Liebherr (China) Co., Ltd. – Liebherr is a global leader in the manufacturing of construction machinery and cranes, offering a wide range of innovative and reliable products. Their main crane products include mobile cranes, crawler cranes, and maritime cranes. Website: www.liebherr.com
8. Manitowoc Cranes China – Manitowoc is a leading manufacturer of cranes and lifting equipment, catering to the construction, oil and gas, and mining industries. Their main crane products include crawler cranes, rough-terrain cranes, and tower cranes. Website: www.manitowoc.com
9. Demag Cranes & Components (China) Co., Ltd. – Demag specializes in providing industrial cranes, hoists, and crane components for various applications, including manufacturing and logistics. Their main crane products include overhead cranes, wire rope hoists, and electric chain hoists. Website: www.demagcranes.com.cn
10. Yutong Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. – Yutong Heavy Industries is a leading manufacturer of construction machinery, with a focus on producing high-quality cranes and earthmoving equipment. Their main crane products include truck cranes, crawler cranes, and mobile cranes. Website: www.yutonghi.com
Use markdown create table compare main products with website if have for Top 10 cranes and components in China,
| Ranking | Crane/Component | Website |
| ——- | ————— | ——- |
| 1 | XCMG | [Visit](https://www.xcmg.com/) |
| 2 | Sany Heavy Industry | [Visit](https://www.sanyglobal.com/) |
| 3 | Zoomlion | [Visit](https://en.zoomlion.com/) |
| 4 | Liebherr | [Visit](https://www.liebherr.com/) |
| 5 | Terex Corporation | [Visit](https://www.terex.com/) |
| 6 | Kobelco Cranes | [Visit](https://www.kobelcocm-global.com/) |
| 7 | Hitachi Cranes | [Visit](https://www.hitachicm.com/) |
| 8 | Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery | [Visit](https://www.tatahitachi.co.in/) |
| 9 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries Construction Cranes | [Visit](https://www.shicranes.com/) |
| 10 | Manitowoc Cranes | [Visit](https://www.manitowoccranes.com/) |
China is known for its robust crane and component manufacturing industry, with several top companies dominating the market. Here is a comparison of the top 10 cranes and components in China, along with their respective websites:
1. XCMG: XCMG is the leading crane manufacturer in China, offering a wide range of products and solutions. Their website provides detailed information about their cranes, including specifications, features, and applications.
2. Sany Heavy Industry: Sany is another major player in the Chinese crane market. Their website showcases their innovative crane designs and technologies, highlighting their commitment to quality and performance.
3. Zoomlion: Zoomlion focuses on manufacturing heavy machinery, including cranes. Their website showcases their diverse product range, with detailed descriptions and specifications for each crane model.
4. Liebherr: Although Liebherr is originally a German company, they have a strong presence in China. Their website provides comprehensive information about their cranes, highlighting their advanced technologies and global reach.
5. Terex Corporation: Terex is an American manufacturer with a significant presence in China. Their website offers an overview of their crane range, emphasizing their commitment to safety, reliability, and customer satisfaction.
6. Kobelco Cranes: Kobelco specializes in hydraulic crawler cranes and is renowned for its reliability and durability. Their website provides detailed product information, along with case studies and customer testimonials.
7. Hitachi Cranes: Hitachi manufactures a wide range of construction machinery, including cranes. Their website showcases their crane models, emphasizing their performance, versatility, and eco-friendliness.
8. Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery: Tata Hitachi is a joint venture between Tata Group and Hitachi Construction Machinery. Their website highlights their range of cranes, offering comprehensive details and application-specific solutions.
9. Sumitomo Heavy Industries Construction Cranes: Sumitomo is globally recognized for its cranes’ performance and quality. Their website provides an overview of their crane offerings, along with brochures and technical specifications.
10. Manitowoc Cranes: Manitowoc is a renowned manufacturer of cranes and lifting equipment. Their website showcases their range of cranes, highlighting their advanced features, comprehensive support, and global network.
These top 10 cranes and components manufacturers in China offer a wide variety of products, ensuring that customers can find the perfect solution for their construction needs. Their websites provide valuable information and resources for customers to explore the features, specifications, and applications of their cranes, enabling them to make informed decisions.
Company Background Research for cranes and components in China, use qcc.com archive.org importyeti.com,use google chrome SEOquake check if ranking in top 10M
Cranes and components are essential equipment in industries such as construction, manufacturing, and logistics. China, being the world’s largest manufacturing and construction market, plays a significant role in the production and export of cranes and components.
To conduct company background research in China, qcc.com, archive.org, and importyeti.com are valuable resources. QCC.com provides comprehensive information on Chinese companies, including their registration details, financial data, and legal status. Archive.org allows users to access and explore historical data of websites, while importyeti.com provides data on companies involved in international trade, including importers and exporters.
Utilizing Google Chrome’s SEOquake plugin allows users to check a company’s website ranking within the top 10 million websites. This information indicates the website’s popularity and online visibility.
When conducting company background research, it is essential to focus on key information such as company history, product range, manufacturing capabilities, certifications, and customer reviews. Evaluating a company’s financial stability, industry reputation, and market presence is crucial to assess its reliability and suitability for business partnerships.
In summarizing company background research for cranes and components in China, it is important to present the findings concisely within the given word limit. By using a maximum of 300 words, the research should focus on key aspects and relevant information, ensuring a clear and informative overview of Chinese companies in the cranes and components industry.
FAQs on Sourcing from China cranes and components
1. What are the different types of cranes and components available for sourcing from China?
There are various types of cranes and components available for sourcing from China, including tower cranes, mobile cranes, overhead cranes, gantry cranes, jib cranes, and various components such as hooks, hoists, trolleys, and controls.
2. How can I find reliable suppliers for cranes and components in China?
You can find reliable suppliers for cranes and components in China by conducting thorough research on various online platforms, attending trade shows and exhibitions, and establishing direct contact with manufacturers through platforms like Alibaba and Made-in-China.
3. What are the key factors to consider when sourcing cranes and components from China?
Key factors to consider when sourcing cranes and components from China include the supplier’s reputation and experience, product quality and certifications, pricing and payment terms, lead times and production capacity, and after-sales support.
4. What are the main challenges of sourcing cranes and components from China?
The main challenges of sourcing cranes and components from China include language and communication barriers, quality control and inspection, logistics and shipping, import regulations and tariffs, and intellectual property protection.
5. How can I ensure product quality when sourcing cranes and components from China?
You can ensure product quality when sourcing cranes and components from China by conducting factory audits and inspections, requesting samples and product certifications, implementing strict quality control measures, and working with reputable and experienced suppliers.
6. What are the advantages of sourcing cranes and components from China?
Sourcing cranes and components from China offers advantages such as cost savings, access to a wide range of products, technological advancements, and the potential for customizations and OEM/ODM services.
7. What are the different payment terms and logistics options when sourcing cranes and components from China?
Payment terms and logistics options when sourcing cranes and components from China can vary, but commonly include options for T/T (Telegraphic Transfer), L/C (Letter of Credit), and Alibaba Trade Assurance, as well as choices for air, sea, or rail transport.
Introduce about cranes and components guide,Qulity,Cost,Supplier,Certification,Market,Tips,FAQ
Cranes are essential pieces of equipment used in various industries for lifting and moving heavy loads. A crane consists of several components that work together to ensure smooth and efficient operations. These components include the hoist, trolley, bridge, and end trucks. Each component is designed to perform specific functions, and their quality is critical for the overall performance and safety of the crane.
When selecting a crane and its components, quality should be a top priority. High-quality components ensure reliable and safe operations, reducing the risk of accidents and downtime. While quality is important, cost is also a consideration. It’s essential to find a balance between quality and cost to ensure that the crane components provide value for money.
Choosing a reliable supplier for crane components is crucial. A reputable supplier will offer high-quality products, excellent customer service, and timely delivery. Additionally, certification is essential when selecting crane components. Look for components that meet industry standards and safety regulations, such as ISO certification.
The market for crane components is vast, with various options available to suit different needs and budgets. When purchasing crane components, consider factors such as the specific application, load capacity, and environmental conditions.
Some tips for selecting crane components include researching the different types of cranes and their components, consulting with industry experts, and conducting thorough due diligence on potential suppliers. Additionally, familiarizing yourself with frequently asked questions about crane components can help you make informed decisions.
In conclusion, selecting high-quality crane components from a reliable supplier is crucial for the efficient and safe operation of cranes in various industries. By considering factors such as quality, cost, certification, and market options, you can make informed decisions when choosing crane components for your specific needs.
Types of cranes and components
Cranes are mechanical machines that are specially designed to lift and move heavy loads. They are commonly used in various industries such as construction, manufacturing, mining, and shipping. There are different types of cranes used for specific applications.
One of the most common types of cranes is the mobile crane. It is mounted on wheels and can be easily moved to different locations. Mobile cranes are versatile and can be used for various lifting tasks. They are often used in construction sites for lifting materials and equipment.
Tower cranes are another type of crane that is commonly used in construction projects. They are fixed to the ground on a concrete foundation and provide a high lifting capacity. Tower cranes are utilized for tall buildings and heavy construction tasks. They have a horizontal jib with a trolley that moves along it to lift and transport loads.
Another type of crane is the overhead crane, also known as a bridge crane. These cranes are commonly found in factories, warehouses, and industrial facilities. They are typically used for moving materials horizontally within a facility. Overhead cranes consist of a bridge with a trolley that moves along it, allowing for efficient movement of heavy loads.
In addition to these types of cranes, there are also specialized cranes for specific applications. For example, gantry cranes are used in shipyards for lifting heavy ship components. Floating cranes are used for offshore construction projects and are mounted on barges or floating platforms. Crawler cranes are used for heavy-duty lifting in tough terrain.
Cranes consist of various components that work together to perform the lifting tasks. The main components of a crane include the boom, jib, hoist, hook, and trolley. The boom is the extension arm of the crane that lifts and lowers the load. The jib is an additional arm that provides extra reach and flexibility.
The hoist is the mechanism that is used to lift and lower the load. It is typically operated by an electric motor and can be controlled by the crane operator. The hoist is connected to the hook, which is used to secure the load. The trolley is a mechanism that moves along the boom or jib, allowing for horizontal movement of the load.
Crane operations also require other components such as outriggers for stability, counterweights to balance the crane, and control systems for safe and precise operation.
In summary, cranes are vital machines in various industries, and different types of cranes are used for specific applications. They consist of various components that work together to perform lifting tasks efficiently and safely. Understanding the types and components of cranes is crucial for selecting the right equipment for specific lifting needs.
cranes and components Reference Specifications (varies for different product)
Cranes and components come in a variety of sizes and configurations to meet the specific needs of different industries and applications. When selecting a crane or its components, it is important to refer to the manufacturer’s reference specifications to ensure safe and efficient operation.
The reference specifications for cranes typically include details such as the maximum lifting capacity, working radius, hoisting speed, and overall dimensions. It also provides information about the materials used in the construction, as well as any safety features or certifications that the crane may have.
For components such as wire ropes, hooks, and lifting attachments, the reference specifications will detail the load capacity, material composition, and any relevant industry standards or certifications. This information is crucial for ensuring that the components are compatible with the specific crane and that they meet the necessary safety and performance requirements.
In addition to the technical specifications, reference materials often include guidance on installation, operation, and maintenance requirements. This can include recommended inspection intervals, lubrication schedules, and troubleshooting tips.
It is important to review and understand the reference specifications for cranes and components before purchasing, installing, or using them in any application. This will help to ensure that the equipment is used safely and effectively, and that it complies with any relevant industry regulations and standards.
In conclusion, the reference specifications for cranes and components provide essential details about their capabilities, construction, and operation. They serve as a valuable resource for ensuring the safe and efficient use of this equipment in various industrial settings.
Applications of cranes and components
Cranes and their components have a wide range of applications in various industries. In the construction industry, cranes are used for lifting and moving heavy materials and equipment, such as steel beams, concrete blocks, and pre-fabricated building components. They play a vital role in the construction of tall buildings, bridges, and infrastructure projects.
In the manufacturing and production industry, cranes are used for handling and transporting heavy machinery and materials within the production facility. They are also used in loading and unloading goods from trucks and ships, as well as in the assembly and maintenance of machinery.
In the shipping and logistics industry, cranes are used in ports and warehouses for loading and unloading shipping containers and cargo from ships and trucks. They are also used in shipyards for the construction, repair, and maintenance of ships.
In the mining and resource extraction industry, cranes are used for lifting and moving heavy materials and equipment in mines and quarries. They are also used for the construction and maintenance of mining infrastructure, such as conveyor systems and processing plants.
In the energy and utilities industry, cranes are used for the installation and maintenance of power generation facilities, such as wind turbines, solar panels, and power lines. They are also used in the construction and maintenance of oil and gas infrastructure, such as drilling rigs and refineries.
Overall, cranes and their components are essential equipment in various industries for lifting, moving, and handling heavy materials and equipment, as well as for the construction and maintenance of infrastructure and facilities. Their versatility and ability to handle heavy loads make them indispensable in many industrial applications.
The Work Process and how to use cranes and components
The work process in using cranes and their components involves several steps to ensure safe and efficient operation. The first step is to determine the type of crane needed for the specific job, taking into account the weight and size of the materials to be moved. Once the appropriate crane has been selected, it is crucial to inspect all components of the crane, including the hook, wire ropes, and brakes, to ensure they are in proper working condition.
Before lifting any load, it is essential to calculate the weight of the load and ensure that the crane is capable of lifting it safely. The load should be properly secured to the crane’s hook using the appropriate lifting equipment, such as slings or chains. The operator should be well-trained in the use of the crane and its components, including understanding load charts, and signals.
During the lifting process, the operator must use caution to avoid swinging the load and ensure that it is raised and lowered smoothly and steadily. It is also essential to be aware of any potential hazards, such as power lines or obstacles, and take appropriate measures to avoid them.
After the lifting is complete, the load should be carefully lowered to the ground, and the crane components should be inspected again to ensure they have not been damaged during the lifting process.
In conclusion, the work process in using cranes and their components involves careful planning, proper inspection and maintenance of equipment, and skilled operation to ensure a safe and successful lift. By following these steps, the use of cranes can be made more efficient and safe.
How to find and select reliable cranes and components manufacturers in China,use google search manufacturers and suppliers
When looking for reliable crane and component manufacturers in China, using Google search can be an effective way to begin your search. Here are some steps to follow in finding and selecting these manufacturers:
1. Start by conducting a Google search using relevant keywords such as “crane manufacturers in China” or “crane component suppliers in China.” This will generate a list of websites and directories related to the industry.
2. Carefully review the search results and shortlist a few websites that appear to be professional and credible.
3. Visit the websites of the shortlisted manufacturers and suppliers to evaluate their overall professionalism, industry experience, product range, and certifications. Look for information on their manufacturing processes, quality control measures, and the types of cranes or components they specialize in.
4. Check if the company has any relevant certifications such as ISO 9001:2015, CE, or other industry-specific certifications. These certifications indicate that the manufacturer has met certain quality standards.
5. Look for customer reviews, testimonials, and case studies on their website or search for them separately. This can provide insights into the company’s reputation and the satisfaction level of their customers.
6. Contact the shortlisted companies either through their website contact forms or by phone or email. Inquire about their product specifications, pricing, production capacity, and lead times. Pay attention to their responsiveness, professionalism, and willingness to answer your questions.
7. If possible, request samples or arrange a visit to their manufacturing facility. This will give you an opportunity to assess their production capabilities, quality control processes, and overall working environment.
8. Obtain quotations from multiple manufacturers and suppliers to compare their prices, delivery terms, and after-sales support.
9. Consider engaging a third-party inspection company to ensure that the chosen manufacturer meets your quality standards and maintains consistency throughout the manufacturing process.
10. Make the final selection based on a combination of factors such as product quality, price competitiveness, reputation, reliability, and customer service.
By carefully researching and selecting crane and component manufacturers in China using Google search, you can increase the chances of finding reliable suppliers that can meet your specific requirements.
Shipping Cost for cranes and components import from China
When importing cranes and components from China, the shipping cost can vary based on various factors such as the weight and dimensions of the cargo, the shipping method chosen, and the destination. Generally, there are two main options for shipping: air freight and sea freight.
Air freight is usually the quickest option but tends to be more expensive. The cost is calculated based on the actual or volumetric weight, whichever is higher. Cranes and components are heavy items, so the shipping cost can be substantial. To get an estimate, the weight and dimensions of the cargo need to be provided to the shipping company, who can then calculate the cost based on their rates.
Sea freight is a more affordable option, especially for heavy and bulky items like cranes. The costs for shipping containers are usually based on container size, distance, and shipping volume. There are different types of containers available, such as 20-foot, 40-foot, or even larger ones, depending on the cargo’s size. Shipping rates can also vary based on the chosen Incoterm, which defines the responsibilities and costs between the buyer and seller during transportation.
While it is difficult to provide an exact shipping cost without knowing the specific details of the cargo, it is recommended to reach out to freight forwarders or shipping companies. They can offer personalized quotes and provide accurate estimates based on the cargo’s specifics, shipping method, and destination. It is essential to consider any additional costs like customs duties, import taxes, and local delivery charges that may be applicable when calculating the overall shipping expenditure.
List The Evolution history of “cranes and components”
Cranes and their components have evolved significantly over the centuries, starting with simple mechanical structures to the advanced, technologically sophisticated machines we see today. This evolution can be broadly divided into three stages: ancient, pre-industrial, and modern.
In ancient times, human civilizations developed basic cranes to assist in various construction activities. These early cranes utilized simple mechanisms like pulleys, ropes, and wooden beams. Ancient Greece is credited with the invention of the earliest recorded crane, called the “trispastos.” It consisted of a single-jib arm and a system of ropes and pulleys to lift and move heavy loads. This design formed the foundation for subsequent developments in crane technology.
During the pre-industrial era, cranes began to incorporate more advanced mechanisms. The introduction of the compound pulley system in the Middle Ages allowed for increased lifting capacity. In the 18th century, the industrial revolution led to significant advancements in crane technology. Steam power began to replace manual labor, leading to the creation of steam-powered cranes. These cranes were often mounted on rail tracks or platforms and could lift heavier loads to greater heights.
The 19th and 20th centuries witnessed remarkable advancements in crane design. The introduction of electric power brought new possibilities for crane operation. Electric cranes emerged, utilizing motors and cables to provide more precise and efficient lifting. With the invention of the internal combustion engine, mobile cranes that could transport themselves to various construction sites became possible. These cranes offered enhanced mobility and versatility.
In recent decades, technological advancements have revolutionized crane design and functionality. Hydraulic systems, computerized controls, and advanced materials have greatly improved crane performance, safety, and productivity. Modern cranes feature specialized components such as telescopic booms, adjustable counterweights, multiple outriggers, and load monitoring systems. These advancements have allowed cranes to handle heavier loads, reach greater heights, and operate in more complex environments.
In conclusion, the evolution of cranes and components has been a journey from simple ancient structures to the sophisticated machinery of today. From basic pulleys to modern hydraulic systems and computerized controls, each stage of evolution has brought improvements in lifting capacity, mobility, precision, and safety. As construction needs continue to evolve, cranes and their components will inevitably undergo further advancements to meet the demands of the future.
The Evolution and Market Trends in cranes and components Industry
The evolution of the cranes and components industry has seen significant advancements in technology, safety, and efficiency. Over the years, cranes have become more advanced with the integration of automation, remote control systems, and telematics. This has improved the safety and productivity of crane operations, leading to a reduction in accidents and downtime.
Market trends in the cranes and components industry are driven by several factors, including urbanization, infrastructure development, and growing demand for renewable energy projects. The increasing focus on sustainable construction practices has also led to the development of more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient cranes and components. Furthermore, the rise of e-commerce and the need for efficient logistics and warehouse operations have created a demand for specialized lifting equipment and automated material handling solutions.
Another trend in the market is the integration of digital technologies such as IoT, AI, and data analytics into crane operations. This has allowed for predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring, and optimization of crane performance, leading to cost savings and improved efficiency.
Additionally, the industry is witnessing a shift towards the use of lightweight materials and modular designs, making cranes more versatile and easier to transport and assemble. This is especially important in the growing trend of modular and off-site construction.
Overall, the cranes and components industry is experiencing rapid evolution and growth, driven by technological advancements, sustainability initiatives, and changing market demands. As the industry continues to evolve, it is crucial for companies to stay abreast of these trends and invest in innovative solutions to remain competitive in the market.
FAQs on Sourcing and Manufacturing cranes and components in China
1. What are the benefits of sourcing and manufacturing cranes and components in China?
Sourcing and manufacturing cranes and components in China offer several benefits, such as low production costs, access to a skilled and experienced workforce, and a wide range of suppliers and manufacturers. These factors contribute to cost-effective production and competitive pricing for crane and component products.
2. What are the challenges of sourcing and manufacturing cranes and components in China?
Some challenges of sourcing and manufacturing cranes and components in China may include language barriers, cultural differences, and potential intellectual property concerns. Additionally, navigating the regulatory and compliance requirements for importing and exporting goods can be complex.
3. How do I find reliable suppliers for crane and component manufacturing in China?
To find reliable suppliers for crane and component manufacturing in China, it is essential to conduct thorough research, perform due diligence, and leverage networks and industry connections. Additionally, utilizing reputable sourcing platforms, attending trade shows, and conducting on-site factory visits can help in identifying trustworthy suppliers.
4. What are the quality standards for crane and component manufacturing in China?
China has established national standards and quality control regulations for crane and component manufacturing. It is important to ensure that suppliers comply with these standards and also consider international quality certifications to maintain product quality and safety.
5. What are the advantages of working with a sourcing and manufacturing partner in China?
Working with a sourcing and manufacturing partner in China can provide access to local market expertise, established supplier networks, and streamlined production processes. This can lead to reduced lead times, improved cost efficiencies, and overall smoother operations.
In conclusion, sourcing and manufacturing cranes and components in China can offer numerous benefits, but it is crucial to carefully navigate the challenges and ensure compliance with quality standards and regulations for a successful partnership.
Why contact sourcifychina.com get free quota from reliable cranes and components suppliers?
Sourcify China is a company that specializes in helping businesses find reliable suppliers for cranes and components in China. By contacting Sourcify China, businesses can access a free quota from these suppliers, providing them with an opportunity to explore potential partnerships without the initial expense.
Sourcify China has established relationships with a network of trustworthy suppliers, ensuring that businesses have access to quality products and reliable services. By obtaining a free quota, businesses can evaluate the offerings of these suppliers without committing to a large investment. This allows them to assess factors such as pricing, product quality, lead times, and supplier communication before making a decision.
By partnering with Sourcify China, businesses can also benefit from the company’s expertise in navigating the complexities of sourcing products from China. The team at Sourcify China can help businesses identify the most suitable suppliers based on their specific requirements, ensuring a streamlined and efficient sourcing process.
In addition to securing a free quota from reliable suppliers, businesses can also leverage Sourcify China’s negotiation expertise to secure favorable terms and pricing. This can ultimately lead to cost savings and improved profitability for businesses looking to procure cranes and components from China.
Overall, contacting Sourcify China to access a free quota from reliable cranes and components suppliers can provide businesses with a low-risk opportunity to explore sourcing options in China, ultimately leading to potential long-term partnerships and success in their supply chain management.